HALAL AWARENESS AND HALAL TRACEABILITY: MUSLIM CONSUMERS’ AND ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSPECTIVES

  • Syayyidah M. Jannah UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Indonesia
  • Hasan Al-Banna UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Indonesia

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of halal awareness, employing variables that can be both influential (determinant) and influenced (output). The study examines two perspectives, namely those from consumers and business actors. From a consumer perspective, this relates to the influence of halal awareness on the intention to purchase a halal product. Meanwhile, from the perspective of business actors, it considers how halal awareness affects the halal traceability of products. Halal traceability is also analysed from the consumers’ perspective as a moderating variable in the relationship between halal awareness and consumer purchase intentions. Questionnaires were distributed online and data were collected from 176 consumers and 95 entrepreneurs. SEM-PLS was then applied to analyse the data. The results show that halal awareness influences the consumers’ purchase intention and the halal traceability of the business actors. While the consumers’ halal awareness was determined by knowledge and halal certification. In contrast, religiosity has an insignificant influence on the consumers’ halal awareness. Meanwhile, the halal awareness of the business actors was influenced by knowledge, halal certification and religiosity. Halal traceability failed to moderate the relationship between halal awareness and consumer purchase intentions.

Keywords: Halal Food, Halal Awareness, Halal Traceability, Halal Lifestyle

References

Ab Rashid, N., & Bojei, J. (2019). The relationship between halal traceability system adoption and environmental factors on halal food supply chain integrity in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 117–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2018-0016.

Abd. Rahim, N., & Junos, S. (2012). The halal product acceptance model for the religious society. Business & Management Quarterly Review, 3(1), 17–25.

Abdul Aziz, N. I, & Ahmad, F. A. (2018). The halal lifestyle of Muslim working women. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(5), 1122–1129. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i5/4489.

Abdul Latiff, bin Z. A., Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z., & Ayob, M. A. (2016). Food labels’ impact assessment on consumer purchasing behavior in Malaysia. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 22(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2013.856053.

Afifi, M. bin A. H., Wati, K. binti, Mohd., Salleh, M. M. M., Yalawae, A., Omar, T. S. M. N. S., Ahmad, A., … Kashim, M. I. A. bin M. (2014). Consumer protection of halal products in Malaysia: A literature highlight. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(March 2014), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1109.

Agag, G., & El-masry, A. A. (2016). Understanding consumer intention to participate in online travel community and effects on consumer intention to purchase travel online and WOM: An integration of innovation diffusion theory and TAM with trust. Computers in Human Behavior, 60(July 2016), 97–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.038.

Aisyah, M. (2014). The influence of religious behavior on consumers’ intention to purchase halal-labeled products. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 14(1), 15–32.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.

Akın, M. S., & Okumuş, A. (2020). Shaping the consumers’ attitudes towards halal food products in Turkey. Journal of Islamic Marketing (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2019-0167.

Al-Banna, H. (2019). Muslim customer behavior in halal food online purchasing. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 5(3), 517–540. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v5i3.1152.

Amalia, F. A., Sosianika, A., & Suhartanto, D. (2020). Indonesian millennials’ halal food purchasing: Merely a habit? British Food Journal, 122(4), 1185–1198. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2019-0748.

Amarul, A., Sukirno, S., & Kurnia, D. (2019). Understanding the awareness of the importance of halal labels to business actors based on range of long business variations. Business and Management Research, 8(1), 17–21. https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v8n1p17.

Ambali, A. R., & Bakar, A. N. (2014). People’s awareness on halal foods and products: Potential issues for policy-makers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(March 2014), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1104.

Amin, H., Abdul-Rahman, A. R., & Razak, D. A. (2014). Theory of Islamic consumer behaviour: An empirical study of consumer behaviour of Islamic mortgage in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 5(2), 273–301. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2013-0042.

Amir, A. S., & Tjibtosubroto, W. (2019). The creating of halal value chains : A theoritical approach. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(1), 14–22.

Ardyanti, N. binti. A, Nashril, T. bin. T. A, & Helmi, M. bin. A. Y. (2013). A study on halal food awareness among muslim customers in Klang valley. 4th International Conference on Business and Economic Research Proceeding (4-5 March), Golden Flower Hotel, Bandung, Indonesia, 1073–1087.

Aung, M. M., & Chang, Y. S. (2014). Traceability in a food supply chain: Safety and quality perspectives. Food Control, 39(May 2014), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.007.

Awan, H. M., Siddiquei, A. N., & Haider, Z. (2015). Factors affecting halal purchase intention-evidence from Pakistan’s halal food sector. Management Research Review, 38(6), 640–660. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-01-2014-0022.

Aziz, Y. A., & Chok, N. V. (2013). The role of halal awareness, halal certification, and marketing components in determining halal purchase intention among non-muslims in Malaysia: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of International Food and Agribusiness Marketing, 25(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2013.723997.

Bashir, A. M. (2019). Effect of halal awareness, halal logo and attitude on foreign consumers’ purchase intention. British Food Journal, 121(9), 1998–2015. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2019-0011.

Basri, Y. Z., & Kurniawati, F. (2019). Effect of religiosity and halal awareness on purchase intention moderated by halal certification. KnE Social Sciences/International Conference on Economics, Management, and Accounting, 2019, 592–607. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i26.5403.

Briliana, V., & Mursito, N. (2017). Exploring antecedents and consequences of Indonesian Muslim youths’ attitude towards halal cosmetic products: A case study in Jakarta. Asia Pacific Management Review, 22(4), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2017.07.012.

Dali, N. R. S. M., Yousafzai, S., & Hamid, H. A. (2019). Religiosity scale development, 10(1), 227–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2016-0087.

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review, 14(1), 57–74.

Elasrag, H. (2016). Halal industry: Key challenges and opportunities. MPRA Paper No. 69631 (22 February 2016). Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/69631/1/MPRA_paper_69631.pdf.

Ghadikolaei, F. S. (2016). The effect of halal signs and symptoms on consumers’ purchase intention in Muslim and non-Muslim countries – a review. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 5(7), 44–49.

Girish, P. S., & Barbuddhe, S. B. (2020). Meat traceability and certification in meat supply chain. Meat Quality Analysis: Advanced Evaluation Methods, Techniques, and Technologies, 2(Fall), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819233-7.00010-0.

Golnaz, R., Zainalabidin, M., Mad Nasir, S., & Chiew, E. F. C. (2010). Nonmuslims’ awareness of halal principles and related food products in Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 17(3), 667–674.

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128.

Hair Jr., J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLSSEM or CB-SEM: Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmda.2017.10008574.

Hair Jr, J., Hult, G. T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd Edition). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Henderson, J. C. (2016). Halal food, certification and halal tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore. Tourism Management Perspectives, 19(Part B), 160–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2015.12.006.

Hew, J. J., Wong, L. W., Tan, G. W. H., Ooi, K. B., & Lin, B. (2020). The blockchainbased halal traceability systems: A hype or reality? Supply Chain Management, 25(6), 863–879. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2020-0044.

Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning (2019). Indonesia Islamic economic masterplan 2019-2024. Jakarta: PT Zahir Syariah Indonesia. Retrieved from: https://knks.go.id/storage/upload/1560308022-Indonesia%20Islamic%20Economic%20Masterplan%202019-2024.pdf.

Jaiyeoba, H. B., Abdullah, M. A., & Dzuljastri, A. R. (2019). Halal certification mark, brand quality, and awareness: Do they influence buying decisions of Nigerian consumers? Journal of Islamic Marketing (ahead-of-print), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2019-0155.

Jamal, A., & Sharifuddin, J. (2015). Perceived value and perceived usefulness of halal labeling: The role of religion and culture. Journal of Business Research, 68(5), 933–941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.09.020.

Khalek, A. A. (2014). Young consumers’ attitude towards halal food outlets and JAKIM’s halal certification in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(March 2014), 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1105.

Khan, M. M., Asad, H., & Mehboob, I. (2017). Investigating the consumer behavior for halal endorsed products: Case of an emerging Muslim market. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(4), 625–641. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2015-0068.

Khan, S., Haleem, A., Khan, M. I., Abidi, M. H., & Al-Ahmari, A. (2018). Implementing traceability systems in specific supply chain management (SCM) through critical success factors (CSFs). Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(1), 204–229. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10010204.

Khan, W., Akhtar, A., Ansari, S. A., & Dhamija, A. (2020). Enablers of halal food purchase among Muslim consumers in an emerging economy: An interpretive structural modeling approach. British Food Journal, 122(7), 2273–2287. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2018-0528.

KPMG International (2018). The digital age — The women’s era key findings; Global female leaders outlook 2018. Germany: KPMG International Cooperative.

Kurniawati, D. A., & Savitri, H. (2019). Awareness level analysis of Indonesian consumers toward halal products. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(2), 531–546. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2017-0104.

Lada, S., Tanakinjal, G. H., & Amin, H. (2009). Predicting intention to choose halal products using theory of reasoned action. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538390910946276.

Luna-Reyes, L. F., Zhang, J., Whitmore, A., Jarman, H., Picazo-Vela, S., Andersen, D. L., … Andersen, D. F. (2014). Full information product pricing: An information strategy for harnessing consumer choice to create a more sustainable world. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 34(32), 637–654. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.03432.

Lynch, Jr., J. G., Marmorstein, H., & Weigold, M. F. (1988). Choices from sets including remembered brands: Use of recalled attributes and prior overall evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.1086/209155.

Majid, M. B., Sabir, I., & Ashraf, T. (2015). Consumer purchase intention towards halal cosmetics & personal care products in Pakistan. Global Journal of Research in Business & Management, 1(1), 47–55.

Marmaya, N. H., Zakaria, Z., & Mohd Desa, M. N. (2019). Gen Y consumers’ intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia: A PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(3), 1003–1014. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2018-0136.

Mathew, V. N, Raudah, A. M. binti A. A, & Nurazizah, S. binti M. I. (2014). Acceptance on halal food among non-Muslim consumers. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(2014), 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1127.

Mattevi, M., & Jones, J. A. (2016). Traceability in the food supply chain: Awareness and attitudes of UK small and medium-sized enterprises. Food Control, 64(June 2016), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.12.014.

Mohtar, N. M, Amirnordin, N. A., & Haron, H. (2014). Ayamas food corporation Sdn. Bhd: A study on the factors of consumer behaviour towards halal product selection. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(March 2014), 166–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1118.

Mostafa, M. M. (2020). Information diffusion in halal food social media: A social network approach. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2020.1818158.

Muhamad, N., Leong, V. S., & Isa, N. Md. (2017). Does the country of origin of a halal logo matter? The case of packaged food purchases. Review of International Business and Strategy, 27(4), 484–500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/

RIBS-06-2017-0049.

Muhammad, S. A., & Saad, R. A. (2016). Impact of attitude toward zakat evasion and moral reasoning on intention to pay zakat: A pilot study. International Journal of Research in Business Management, 4(2), 59–64.

Muslichah, M., Abdullah, R., & Abdul Razak, L. (2019). The effect of halal foods awareness on purchase decision with religiosity as a moderating variable: A study among university students in Brunei Darussalam. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(5), 1091–1104. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-09-2017-0102.

Mutmainah, L. (2018). The role of religiosity, halal awareness, halal certification, and food ingredients on purchase intention of halal food. Ihtifaz: Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Banking, 1(1&2), 33–50.

Nasution, M. D. T. P., & Rossanty, Y. (2018). Country of origin as a moderator of halal label and purchase behavior. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 12(2), 194–201.

Nurhayati, T., & Hendar, H. (2019). Personal intrinsic religiosity and product knowledge on halal product purchase intention: Role of halal product awareness. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(3), 603–620. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2018-0220.

Nusran, M., Gunawan, Razak, M., Numba, S., & Wekke, I. S. (2018). Halal awareness on the socialization of halal certification. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175(1), 012217. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012217.

Omar, K. M, Nik Mat, N. K, Imhemed, G. A, & Ali, F. M. A. (2012). The direct effects of halal product actual purchase antecedents among the international Muslim consumers. American Journal of Economics, June(Special Issue), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.economics.20120001.20.

Parhan, M. bin M. I., & Ismail, R. M. (2015). Understanding the level of halal awareness among muslim and non-muslim young consumers in Malaysia. Proceedings of Symposium on Technology Management and Logistics (STMLGoGreen), (8-9 December), 41–50. Malaysia: Universiti Utara Malaysia. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321146025_understanding_the_level_of_halal_awareness_among_muslim_and_nonmuslim_young_consumers_in_malaysia.

Poniman, D., Purchase, S., & Sneddon, J. (2012). Traceability in halal food supply chains from a business network perspective. The 28th IMP-Conference in Rome, Italy in 2012., 1–22. Retrieved from: https://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/7855.pdf.

Pradana, M., Huertas-García, R., & Marimon, F. (2020). Muslim tourists’ purchase intention of halal food in Spain. Current Issues in Tourism, 0(0), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1797647.

Rachman, M. A. (2019). Halal industry in Indonesia: Role of sharia financial institutions in driving industrial and halal ecosystem. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 11(1), 35–58. 10.15408/aiq.v11i1.10221.

Rahman, A. A., Singhry, H. B., Hanafiah, M. H., & Abdul, M. (2017). Influence of perceived benefits and traceability system on the readiness for halal assurance system implementation among food manufacturers. Food Control, 73(Part B), 1318-1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.058.

Ramadania, Putri, E. O., & Juniwati. (2018). Intention toward halal and organic food: awareness for natural content, religiosity, and knowledge context. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 801–810. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3425.

Rashid, N. A., Supian, K., & Bojei, J. (2018). Relationship between halal traceability system adoptions on halal food supply chain integrity and performance. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(8), 569–579. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.88.569.579.

Razzaque, M. A., & Chaudhry, S. N. (2013). Religiosity and Muslim consumers’ decision-making process in a non-Muslim society. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4(2), 198–217.

Rejaii, M., & Arianfar, A. (2016). Halal food : A systemic review. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 9(7), 340–345.

Sadeeqa, S., Sarriff, A., Masood, I., Saleem, F., & Atif, M. (2013). Knowledge, attitude and perception regarding halal pharmaceuticals among general public in Malaysia. International Journal of Public Health Science, 2(4), 143–150.

Said, M., Hassan, F., Musa, R., & Rahman, A. N. (2014). Assessing consumers’ perception, knowledge and religiosity on Malaysia’s halal food products. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130(May 2014), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.015.

Salaamgateway.com (2018). An inclusive ethical economy state of the global Islamic economy report 2018/19. United Arab Emirates: Dubai International Financial Centre & Thomson Reuters.

Salman, F., & Siddiqui, K. (2011). An exploratory study for measuring consumers awareness and perceptions towards halal food in Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(2), 639–651.

Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Nitzl, C., Ringle, C. M., & Howard, M. C. (2020). Beyond a tandem analysis of SEM and process: Use of PLS-SEM for mediation analyses. International Journal of Market Research, 62(3), 288–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785320915686.

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 531–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816618823921.

Sayogo, D. S. (2018). Online traceability for halal product information: Perceptions of Muslim consumers in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 9(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2016-0057.

Setyaningsih, E. D., & Marwansyah, S. (2019). The effect of halal certification and halal awareness through interest in decisions on buying halal food products. Syi’ar Iqtishadi Journal of Islamic Economics, Finance and Banking, 3(1), 64–79.

Shaari, J. A. N., & Shahira, N. bt. M. A. (2010). Dimension of halal purchase intention: A preliminary study. International Review of Business Research Papers, 6(4), 444–456.

Shafii, Z., & Wan Siti Khadijah, W. M. N. (2012). Halal traceability framework for halal food production. World Applied Sciences Journal, 17(SPL.ISS1), 1–5.

Shah Alam, S., & Mohamed Sayuti, N. (2011). Applying the theory of planned behavior (tpb) in halal food purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111676.

Simanjuntak, M., & Dewantara, M. M. (2014). The effects of knowledge, religiosity value, and attitude on halal label reading behavior of undergraduate students. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 6(2), 65–76.

Souiden, N., & Jabeur, Y. (2015). The impact of Islamic beliefs on consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of life insurance. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(4), 423–441. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2014-0016.

Sukesti, F., & Budiman, M. (2014). The influence halal label and personal religiousity on purchase. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 4(1), 150–153.

Tama, H. A, & Voon, H, B. (2014). Components of customer emotional experience with halal food establishments. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121(March 2014), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1128.

Varinli, İ., Erdem, E., & Avcılar, M. Y. (2016). Exploring the factors affecting purchase intention of halal certified foods in Turkey: A pls-path modeling study. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(4), 68–78.

Verbeke, W., Rutsaert, P., Bonne, K., & Vermeir, I. (2013). Credence quality coordination and consumers’ willingness-to-pay for certified halal labelled meat. Meat Science, 95(4), 790–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.042.

Waskito, D. (2015). Pengaruh sertifikasi halal, kesadaran halal, dan bahan makanan terhadap minat beli produk makanan halal (studi pada mahasiswa muslim di Yogyakarta) [The effect of halal certification, halal awareness, and food ingredients on the interest in buying halal food products (study on Muslim students in Yogyakarta], (pp. 1–12). [Undergraduate Thesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Wibowo, M. W, & Ahmad, F. S. (2016). Non-Muslim consumers’ halal food product acceptance model. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37(16), 276–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30125-3.

Widagdo, P., Hakim, D. B., & Arsyianti, L. D. (2015). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi awareness masyarakat muslim Kota Bogor [Determinants of awareness of Muslim community in Bogor City]. [Undergraduate Thesis]. Bogor: IPB University.

Yener, D. (2015). Factors that affect the attitudes of consumers toward halalcertified products in Turkey. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 21(2), 160–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2013.843483.

Yunus, N. S, N. M., Wan Rashid, W. E, Ariffin, N. M., & Rasyid, N. M. (2014). Muslim’s purchase intention towards non-Muslim’s halal packaged food manufacturer. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130(2014), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.018.

Yusaini, H. M., Abd Rahman, A. R., Azanizawati, M., & Mohd Ghazli, H. (2016). Halal traceability in enhancing halal integrity for food industry in Malaysia – A review. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(3), 68–74.

Zailani, S., Arrifin, Z., Abd Wahid, N., Othman, R., & Fernando, Y. (2010). Halal traceability and halal tracking systems in strengthening halal food supply chain for food industry in Malaysia (a review). Journal of Food Technology, 8(3), 74–81. https://doi.org/10.3923/jftech.2010.74.81.

PlumX Metrics

Published
2021-04-21
How to Cite
Jannah, S., & Al-Banna, H. (2021). HALAL AWARENESS AND HALAL TRACEABILITY: MUSLIM CONSUMERS’ AND ENTREPRENEURS’ PERSPECTIVES. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 7(2), 285-316. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v7i2.1328
Section
Articles